The use of the circle and other symmetrical and simple geometric shapes was solidified as a staple of Renaissance sacred architecture in Leon Battista Alberti’s architectural treatise that described the ideal church in terms of spiritual geometry. With time, the circle particularly became a central and symbolic shape for the floor of buildings since it represented the perfection of nature and the relevance of man’s place in the universe. During the onset of the Renaissance in Europe, views shifted in favor of regular and simple geometries. More often than not, these churches featured a Latin cross floor-plan. With this understanding, the viewer gains a better understanding of the divine. In ChristianityĪncient European cathedrals’ construction was based on geometries intended to make the viewer perceive the world through mathematics. Islamic geometric designs are used in the mosque, Quran, and even in the calligraphies. Geometric patterns in Islamic occur in various forms of art and architecture, including Persian Girih, kilim carpets, Moroccan/Algerian Zellige tile work, ceramics, stained glass, muqarnas decorative vaulting, jail pierced stone screens, woodwork, and metalwork. These patterns constitute the entire decoration, a framework for floral or calligraphic embellishments, or sometimes retreat into the background around other motifs. This combination forms complex and intricate patterns like a wide variety of tessellations. The geometric designs in Islamic art are based on combinations of repeated circles and squares that may be overlapped and interlaced, as can arabesques with which they are usually combined with. The latter drawing was centered on the much older writings of Vitruvius, a Roman architect. Some sacred geometry principles of ancient architecture and the human body were gathered and put into the Vitruvian Man drawing done by Leonardo da Vinci. Himalayan and Indian spiritual communities constructed temples and fortifications on design plans of yantra and mandala. Then, medieval European cathedrals also assimilated symbolic geometry. Geometric figures and ratios were often employed in ancient Indian, Egyptian, and Roman architecture designs. These correspondences and many others are interpreted in terms of sacred geometry and taken to prove the natural significance of geometric forms. Various nature forms can be related to geometry.įor instance, the chambered nautilus grows at a steady rate, and its shells form a logarithmic spiral that accommodates the growth without changing shape.įor the case of honey bees, they construct hexagonal cells that hold their honey. Stephen Skinner believes that the study of sacred geometry roots back to the study of nature and its mathematical principles. This concept also believes that the geometry that makes sacred places like temenoi, sacred groves, village greens, and the invention of religious art is sacred. That’s why the geometry used to design and construct religious structures like churches, temples, mosques, religious altars, monuments and tabernacles is regarded sacred. This concept believes that a god created the universe based on a sacred plan. It is a belief that describes various shapes and symbols based on sacred or spiritual meanings.
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